US Water Quality Index
Our composite Water Quality Score combines temperature, reservoir levels, and flow rates to rate conditions for swimming, fishing, and recreation.
How We Calculate Water Quality Score (0–100)
Maximum points when water temp is near ideal 71.5°F (22°C) for most recreational activities.
Full points when reservoir is at or near full pool capacity. Low levels reduce score.
Moderate, stable flow (100–5,000 cfs) earns full points. Extreme highs or lows reduce score.
Cut Bank Cr Ab Gillam Coulee, Nr Sundance, Mt
Musselshell River At Musselshell Mt
Milk River At Merrill Rd, Nr Harlem, Mt
Madison River Ab Powerplant Nr Mcallister Mt
Nf Blackfoot R Ab Dry Gulch Nr Ovando Mt
Prospect Creek At Thompson Falls Mt
Milk River Near Dodson Mt
Bitterroot River At Bell Crossing Nr Victor Mt
Sun River Bl Willow Cr Nr Augusta Mt
Big Spring Cr At R&B Trading Post Nr Lewistown Mt
Beaverhead River At Barretts Mt
Flint Creek At Maxville Mt
Missouri River Bl Hauser Dam Near Helena Mt
Musselshell River Near Roundup Mt
Smith River Near Ft Logan Mt
Missouri River Near Wolf Point Mt
Marias River At Highway 223 Bridge Near Chester,Mt
Missouri River Near Landusky Mt
Yellowstone River At Springdale, Mt
Missouri R At E Frazer Pump Plant Nr Frazer Mt
Understanding the Water Quality Index
The US Water Quality Index is a composite score designed to give anglers, swimmers, boaters, and outdoor enthusiasts a quick, at-a-glance assessment of water body conditions. Unlike traditional water quality indices that focus on chemical pollutants (which require laboratory analysis), our index uses real-time USGS sensor data to reflect physical conditions relevant to recreation.
Temperature Component (40 points)
Water temperature is the most important factor for recreational fishing, swimming, and wildlife activity. The ideal range for most activities — comfortable for swimming, optimal for bass and walleye fishing — is approximately 65–78°F (18–26°C). Our scoring peaks at 71.5°F and decreases proportionally as temperature moves away from this ideal.
Reservoir Level Component (30 points)
Reservoir levels (measured as a percentage of full pool) reflect drought conditions, drought recovery, flood risk, and overall ecosystem health. A reservoir at full pool (100%) scores maximum points. Severely depleted reservoirs — common during drought — score fewer points. This metric is particularly relevant in western states where water storage is critical.
Flow Rate Component (30 points)
River discharge (measured in cubic feet per second, cfs) indicates safe boating, wading, and kayaking conditions. Moderate, stable flow rates between 100–5,000 cfs are typically ideal for most recreation. Extremely high flows indicate flood risk, while extremely low flows suggest drought stress and limited habitat for fish.